Summer came suddenly just when I was leaving Kilpisjärvi. When I reached Rovaniemi there was 20 degrees at the railway station, and trees were already green.

On my last day I still walked up in the birch forest to be for a while with the trees. They did not have leaves yet, but they were flowered with birdsong and there was a river on the place of my skiing path. I was not alone with the trees, there was the rabbit as well. Maybe, or not, one of those whom I saw almost every morning eating and jumping around and chasing each other outside of Kiekula. Anyhow this rabbit was one that had already an almost complete summer dress. The rabbits were all different, one was still white a couple of days ago, and the other was beautifully spotted with grey patches on white and then this.

The reindeer’s fur does not change this radically by the season. The reindeer are light, greyish or dark ‘by nature’ and are also named by their looks. In the reindeer’s colouring I see almost a picture of the landscape, the fur being constantly in synchrony with the nature with the reflections of the light and the soft fading of the colour. From far away it is difficult to distinguish the reindeer. They might first look like stones, until one understands and sees the slight movement. And the birch forests on the slopes form lines and a sense of rhythm and movement that resembles the forms of a reindeer herd.

I understood from what Leena told me that traditionally the reindeer come to Kilpisjärvi landscape in the heart of summer, so midsummer time. Yet I already met some of them here. There was the small group on the slopes of Saana and a big herd on Malla. I met the Malla herd twice, first when they were higher up and I could only admire them from far and later again a week after when I bumped into them on my way up.

First time I noticed them was when I was coming out from the birch forest that covers the lower parts of the northeast slope of the smaller Malla coming up the route from Siilasjärvi. Earlier in the day I had been drawing beside the river and among the shadows of the birches on the other side of the lake and the road, on the lower slopes of the Jehkas-mountain. The place where I had met a whole group of willow grouse the other day, all performing their short flights and throat-sounds and talks. I kind of hoped to meet these birds again, but now the forest had been silent.

The afternoon was warm and beautiful so after crossing the road and coming down to the lake I decided to continue up to Malla. I was following the tracks of former skiers and had to pay attention, since the snow was already quite soft here and there. At one point there were big footprints of a beast crossing the tracks that I was following. They also seemed rather fresh, fresh enough to give me the shivers, for the first beast I thought about was the bear. Then I tried to imagine the bear walking about in the open mountain landscape and it didn’t quite seem likely. I thought about the wolverine and decided it was it. It was after the reindeer, maybe especially the calves that are born all the time now. It wouldn’t be there anymore now, in the warm afternoon, and it most probably wouldn’t be interested in me… Going through these thoughts and thinking about the beast I could somehow feel its presence there. Was it a former or actual presence remains a secret, but there was something, since just then a single willow grouse appeared beside me and stayed there looking at me as if trying to connect with me. We became acquainted and did not think so much about the wolverine anymore. I continued my way up and found a good place to draw.

Second time I already waited for to meet the reindeer. They were on the lower parts now and on both sides around the route I was following. I skied slowly towards the herd and they looked slowly at me and started to move. I thought I could notice how they organized themselves, there was one who told the others what to do and where to go. Then they went, following one another. I continued further up and just there was one very white reindeer separate from the others. She was indecisive, made odd noises, turned her head about and finally just started to run in a circle around me thus joining the other herd. I suspected she had a calve, but since I didn’t first see it I thought she maybe just felt somehow trapped between the steep slope and me. I stopped and remained silent to follow and feel her beautiful circle. When I continued upwards I saw the little one. It was trying desperately to get out of my way in the thick snow. Instinctively I started to talk to it as if it was a baby and changed my course so as to give it peace. From further away I detected that everything was fine again. After that I started to see other calves as well, dark and light-coloured, some moving already quickly about their mothers.

I have thought about the circle of the white reindeer very much. I was mesmerized by it, the circle was so perfect, and the reindeer was so vast. I don’t quite know why I have to think about it. Maybe there was something about the wildness of the animal that showed. Anyhow I felt this reindeer’s presence very strongly and maybe it was also her moving so fast, which was so captivating.

Later, up on the highland I started to follow the paths of the reindeer. I enjoyed this very much and it made my skiing a bit easier, at least I was prepared for the deeper snows since I saw where they also had had more difficulties with proceeding. I went criss-cross admiring landscapes and smelling the plants on the bare spots where the reindeer had eaten. Me too I stopped to eat and drink and feel the earth. And later to draw, to let my eyes wander from near to far, thus wandering myself, half imaginatively half truly, on the smooth slopes, feeling the slight rocking movement that their lines create.

I came to these parts first in March, taking part in a workshop that combined the biology of snow with the arctic experience. Everything was shiny and blue then. Although not only blue as we were later to notice. The snow in its whiteness did show all the colours, the warmth of a purple and the yellows so pale and yet so strong and a brownish cream white that cannot be described since it is almost only to be felt with the entire body.

I thought then in advance much about the phases of the snow. How it develops in the air, floats down and joins with other snow, becomes snowdrift and starts a slower change, becomes denser, heavier, more concentrated for then to become ice. Or the forming into ice of water, its flexibility, the moving of it. But there were at that time not so much of these processes visible, even though we saw all kinds of weathers. The changeable nature of the snow hid itself in the silence and smoothness of the all-covering snow blanket. The snow was solid and firm. I was, and my thoughts were, moving on the outer shell of the snow, the snow cover took my gaze and made it glide on the slopes until the furthest point.

Well, now it is changing and it is different. When I came almost two weeks ago, the silence was still there and the snow was still there. But there was something else as well, a softness about everything and yet a delicate sharpness that expressed itself in the emerging black patches on the white or the sound of the snow on the lake’s ice that I skied on. I was starting to look closer and I also had to, because moving around requires more effort now.

After there has been days with a lot of moist in the air, some of it also coming down. The fog reveals and hides the landscape in a sudden way that seems unlike to fogs nature, since it feels quite heavy and slow. I’m wrapped in the fog, this time sensing the air bordering the room around me. The landscape-views in the fog make me feel as if I were in an ink-painting, in which the mountains look like they were two-dimensional layers one behind another, like flat scenes.

Yesterday I still started with the skis and up on the highland it went well enough, although I was occasionally reaching quite far in the depths of the turquoise crypt of the snow. That is when I was going off-track. Consequently I start to listen to the snow (as if to detect it’s consistence) and start to hear: there is waters flowing, invisible, not underneath but up above me, everywhere, somewhere. This is different. One other day last week I was also listening, to the snow itself. It had a faint but precise sound, it was melting but not yet becoming water, it was a sound of a metamorphosis. Now it is the braking of water.

On the way down, still yesterday, I ski into the garden of streams. Suddenly it is a whole symphony that I’m in. Waters flow everywhere and I ski on it. I also ski, gently, on the ground and plants, for snow has disappeared. Proceeding downwards I enter and exit in the more silent spheres of the presence of the “woods” – the birds, the smell of the brush, the sound of the birches -, and in the more or less enormous volumes of the water sounds.

The phase changing of the snow reveals itself now and it does it the other way around. I think about the ice age, the powers of the waters, the ice, the movements, the formation of formations and the events of appearance and disappearance in the landscape.

The landscape seems to be moving constantly, slowly, slowly . Yet it is still and silent. For it is I that am moving and the mountains , they follow me and are present. I look at them and they look back at me as living creatures do.

One day last week I walked up to Saana. It was cloudy but very, very bright and I began my walk with no wind at all. First it was only I and Saana and the traces of the others who also had walked forth and back. After I got more company, soon there were all the other mountains in Sweden and Norway, looking back at me, coming and becoming closer. Yes I am like the romantic traveller in Caspar David Friedrichs paintings feeling tiny and overwhelmed in front of the vastness and beauty of the landscape, at the same time being a center of it. But yet, that is just a picture. For anyhow, in my way, I’m taking part in this entity, I am here, my substances connect with the substances I’m walking on and I feel, somehow, the flood or flow or simply movement that has its roots somewhere deep in the earth and in the depth of time. A movement that manifests itself also in the smallest detail .

I’m thinking about the space. High up on the top of Saana the whole total almost endless space for a moment becomes my room. There is the lower Kilpisjärvi to sleep on, just the size of my body. There is Malla that I can touch and almost feel in the palm of my hand. But wind has started to blow harder on the top and I seek myself towards a more solid and closer sheltering element. The landscape as a room is a room in my imagination, it is a reflection, a combination of reflections, a space that breathes around me. It is created partly of my perception, sensations, partly by losing sense of scale and partly by the attempt to a dialogue between the matters inside and the matters outside.

Descending I’m suddenly in the middle of a whiteness so white that I see no objects, nor a slightest form on the ground. It is as if there were no dimensions. I can only feel my standing on something and I can see that there is a line where this nothingness of the whiteness ends. One could lose oneself here, even though it is but a rather small area. Just very close by, at my feet I can faintly detect the path, the traces of other feet, and it gives me safety. Just there the snow has a slightly different complexion and I’m glad that the snow has this memory that here reveals itself.

Going further down I meet the reindeer again. They seem to be home in the wind. There is a calmness and warmth about them.

All right. I’m searching for a language to speak or write about the experiences of space, and being in or part of or beside it, a language that could maybe also reach beyond the too poetic description – though going through it. There is the outside world I’m in, the movements in the space, the time, the volume – like a light transparent tent – around every creature. Then there is the life and home here, in this place, of which I am outside, the occupation in the space that I can, if I can, only see from outside. Still, maybe, some themes we can share.

The goal was to photograph the starry sky, milky way and, if possible, some Northern lights. In our mind: nice starscapes over Malla and cool timelapses. The only time-frame to do so was Christmas week, due to our regular jobs.
So there we’re in Kilpisjärvi, the 24th of December. Six hours late, after the train broke down (-37 celsius), the moon almost full = no way to get any decent shot at the milky way, and very low solar activity according to NOAA’s three day projections = no much hope for northern lights. I started beating myself: “I should know better and had taken all this under consideration beforehand!”

Let’s go outside anyway; maybe shooting some timelapses we might catch a faint northern light. The camera stays on the lake and its time to go inside and check compulsively the real-time magnetic disturbance bars (updated every 10’) in the online service “Auroras now!” . One hour after I check the camera, the remote’s battery was dead after few photos (-30 celsius). No timelapses neither.

But it wasn’t all bad; actually the full moon produced quite a nice light on the night landscape. Perhaps there was some hope to get a few nice shots after all.

In my obsession with the night sky I forgot how nice is also the Kaamos light, when the sun is close the horizon producing this continuous twightlight.

By then we were back to a state of optimism, enjoying the experience. The second night we had more modest goals, no remote/no timelapses, just Kilpisjärvi under the moonlight, no keeping track of magnetic activity either. Just embracing what was at hand.

Do NOT ask and you’ll be given” one could say because the green lights started dancing before our lenses. Just an unexpected 20 minutes burst of activity. Moving and beautiful.

What can we expect when planning properly? Looking forward to our next stay in Kilpisjärvi, being sure that is always going to be worth. No matter what the expectations are.

There are some more shots at our Flickr’s gallery, additional ones might be appearing as we edit the remaining material.


We used the flagpole in front of the Kiekula to mount 2 wire antennas. They are 20m and 40m end fed dipoles that need no ground (and we are just receiving) but they also handle up to 100W TX power. They used to be build and sold by an amateur operator (AE4LD) but have recently been bought by another company. We’ve used the antennas all over the arctic and can vouch for their robustness and reliability.  (a little history and technical details on the antennas can be found here)

We are using the QS1R Software defined Radio (SDR), with its own software, SDRMAX V and the fldigi (Fast and Light DIgital)software for the decoding.

The team spent the evenings bathed in the sounds of the spectrum, and we focused on learning some techniques of digital mode decoding. While much of ham radio consists of SSB voice transmissions, more and more digital encoding is becoming increasingly popular. While not digital, radio’s simplest and oldest transmissions have been encoded, CW (or Constant Wavelength) communications remains very popular today and can be heard across the amateur bands. We managed to find some esoteric transmissions like Olivia, THROB, as well as more common BPSK, RTTY and WEFAX transmissions. In fact the WEFAX from Deutscher Wetterdienst, broadcast near Hamburg on 13882.5kHz gave us particularly fantastic results as you can see from a few samples below. We got weather maps detailing icebergs, sea surface temperature, wind and wave size, barometric pressure (which correlated very well with our SINUNI sensor readings) as well as some transmission test images that none of us had seen previously. here is a littile sound sample: WEFAX Sample

The crew arrived with their decked out van, complete with antennae and a nice workdesk for the ground control operator and computers. The Bramor GCS (ground control station) consists of a rugged computer and guidance circuitry interface; for launching it you need also a catapult and in sub zero temperatures, it has to be a pneumatic one.
We go over an extensive pre-flight checklist and prepare the UAS for its first mission between our position (Kiekula), the Pikku-Malla over to the Saana mountain. Quite a spectacular route.

After the cheklist and check operations are completed, Jari gets a go ahead to launch the Bramor.

And off it goes!

And lands after a 60 minute flight.

The post processing of the flight gave us a very nice set of results that we will be able to use in the Nunaliit framework.
Here is the sample first processed orthophoto in low resolution.

In the late afternoon our SINUNI and the HF antennae go up. Matthew prepares the QS1R software defined radio for work. More on those operations in the next blog entries.
We are also going to meet with Oula and Leena regarding the use of UAS systems in the Saami reindeer herders work.
There is clearly a lot of potential to setup a system of systems encompassing sensor networks, UAS technology and other types of remote sensing to combine traditional knowledges approaches and contemporary sensing technologies to create an even more sustainable (less use of snowmobiles) contemporary reindeer herding practice. Oula is interested in exploring these aspects of technology and long term, this could be an extremely good API exchange with the reindeer herding communities all across the Arctic.

On Wednesday we are joined by the East Lapland Vocational College crew, which is operating the C-ASTRAL BRAMOR unmanned aerial system.

The history of the development of this system goes back several years and it was first conceptualized already in 1999, as a sensor carrier as part of the Makrolab project. Later in 2004 the first prototype of the Spectral System UAS was built and flown and from 2006 on the development on the Bramor blended wing body (BWB) system started as a research project at the University of Nova Gorica in Slovenia in a consortium that was led by Prof. Gvido Bratina, Prof. Marko Peljhan, Samo Stopar and Nejc Trošt.
It is an extremely capable small UAS, now built by the C-ASTRAL SME in Ajdovščina, Slovenia and operated by API and many other operators around the world, who mostly use it for classical surveying missions. API has flown it in the Arctic several times and it even had the luck to be tested in the Antarctic in 2010.
The East Lapland Vocational College in Kemijärvi was one of the early adopters of the system and it is used as a demonstrator for small fixed wing UAS technology in Finland.
After Esa Särkelä, Raimo Ivarinen and Jari Nykänen kindly bring us some missing items that we thought will be already in the Kiekula lab, (soldering iron, a small router, several UTP cables and other goodies), we are discussing the next day flights and areas to be covered and prepare a nice dinner.
The plan is to fly three types of missions, two orthophoto surveying ones and one with the thermal imager and the gimbal.
We will be ready to start at 9am on Thursday.
Meanwhile in the lab, preparations are made for the first long distance tests with the SINUNI sensornet. Kenny is programming away, Hafiz is working on the display system, graphing and learning Matlab. We also have our first longer meeting with Lisa Haskel, our programming wizzard who has dived head in into Nunaliit in earnest and a discussion with Terry, mostly revolving around the current situation in Iglulik. In terms of sleep, the nights are shorter and shorter. No surprises there.

Tuesday afternoon, at around 4pm we had some action. First on the roof, and it turned out that the faint veil in the sky which first looked like yet another contrail was, but of course, guovsahasat, the light you can hear.
The cameras went into action and the results were what they were supposed to be.
With the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory‘s Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) in the foreground, the picture was complete.

The action went on for a long time, few hours and here it is.

We all slept really well after this.

Tuesday, November 20, afternoon

The lab is up and running! We expected a lot more tools to be available, but with a bit of help from Leena and the crew from the Biological station and a run to the store, which is stocked much more thoroughly than expected, we were able to setup quite good working conditions. Hey, we even managed to get some pretty good bolts and nuts. The only thing missing, a soldering iron, but it is coming tomorrow with the BRAMOR UAS crew and Jari Nykänen from Kemijarvi. Probably a nice Weller. The Systemics one is only 110V, so we did not bring it. There was some action on the roof tonight. Setting up the first antennae and testing if the new 900MHz antennae on the SINUNI prototype nodes are better than the old ones. They are, and we realise that we can work inside and receive data from the outdoor units without any monkeying with cables through windows at -10 deg C…
The hard work only starts now though, with the calibration. Our first long discussion with Lisa also happened today, and the Nunaliit Atlas Framework is on! We will also try to setup the Geopedia version and of course work with PostGIS. Lots of new things for everybody. We have to setup a local server though, task for tmrw: Take reserve laptop and turn in into an UBUNTU server. Will be done, like always….

Here we go!